Endocrine Disruptors Essay - 1746 Words

Endocrine Disruptors During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems†¦show more content†¦Fry and Toone (1986) found when they inject fertilised seabird eggs with DDT and its metabolites. The male chicks produced have varying degrees of intersexuality depending on dosage, reproductive system with both male and female structures. The female chicks had a partial to full developed right oviducts, instead of just left functional structures. In the area where the eggs were collected, there was multiple female-female pairing and low hatchability of eggs. Males exposed as embryos to estrogenic pesticides showed decreased to no sexual behaviour. (Fry and Toone, 1981) Louis Guillette noticed that male alligators from Lake Apopka in Florida have vestigial penis, follicle-like testis and elevated estrogens/testosterone ratios and the female hatching’s ovaries were producing multiple egg follicles and eggs with several nuclei (Luoma, 1995, Guillette et al., 1995) The females also had above normal estrogens levels. When he and his colleagues did a similar injection study with DDT and DDE, they produced results similar to those found in the field. The reduction in penis length and the abnormal gonads made the hatchlings reproductively incapable. Both the bird and alligator studies were prompted by the contamination of large water bodies by organochlorins and the low breeding success of the animals living and feeding in these areas. Of particular interest are those chemicals, which mimic the female hormone of estrogen, which isShow MoreRelatedA Short Note On Endocrine Disruptor : Bisphenol A1135 Words   |  5 PagesEndocrine Disruptor: Bisphenol A Introduction: What is BPA? Endocrine disruptors have the ability to enhance or suppress the functions of hormones by mimicking their shape and binding to the appropriate receptor. They also have the capability to change the structure and activity of the endocrine system, potentially causing various adverse effects to the body. One of the most prevalent and dangerous endocrine disruptors is Bisphenol A, or BPA. Bisphenol A is an organic compound with a structure andRead More The Pesticide Called Atrazine Acts as an Endocrine Disruptor Promoting Demasculinization and Feminization in Amphibians1026 Words   |  5 Pagesassigned key words described throughout this article including amphibian decline, endocrine disruption, pesticide and sex reversal. The larger or global context for the research conducted in this article is that the pesticide Atrazine is widely utilized across the entire world, contaminating water sources by mobilizing through rainfall, disrupting habitats and impacting organisms by acting as an endocrine disruptor. The research specifically described in this article is how continued Atrazine exposureRead MoreEssay on Atypical Childhood Social Behavior and Phthalates, BPA879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Article describes how endocrine disruptors can produce childhood social impairment and more specifically the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates exposure during pregnancy produces autistic-like social behaviors in children. The specific social behaviors that occur from phthalates and BPA exposure are difficult interpersonal and social awareness skills. Phthalates and BPA, the independent variable, are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). The EDCs interfere with the body’s hormonesRead MoreThe Effects Of Chemicals On Our Daily Lives1216 Words   |  5 Pagescalled Bisphenol A (BPA). This chemical was recently found to be harmful since it is an estrogen receptor. BPA was then replaced by the label, BPA-Free. This meant that BPA was replaced with Bisphenol S (BPS) or Bisphenol F (BPF). These are both endocrine disruptors so it affects the hormones in different organisms. It affects the growth of organisms that are exposed to the chemicals. Daphnia Magna is water flea that is used in experiments that record the mortality rate and the fertility rate. When placedRead MoreEndocrine Disruptors are Manmade Chemical that Interfer with the Endocrine System1204 Words   |  5 PagesEndocrine disruptors are typically man-made chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system; they are known to cause cancerous tumors, abnormal growth patterns, birth defects and other various developmental disorders. The crucial period of development of most organisms is the transition from a fertilized egg and into a fully formed fetus. Studies performed on cells and animals, have shown that Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, EDC, pose the biggest risk in fetus’ prenatal and early postnatal development;Read MoreA Recent Public Health Concern Has Implicated P olyethylene Terephthalate ( Pet ) Plastics )3219 Words   |  13 Pagespublic health concern has implicated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, commonly used in recyclable plastic water bottles, as a common source of carcinogenic xenoestrogens. Xenoestrogens act as hormone disruptors, and can alter the natural homeostasis of the human body. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been known to cause cancer, sexual dysfunction, and problems during puberty. Better understanding exposure to these chemicals will help improve awareness of the issue and hopefullyRead MoreA Brief Note On Low Grade Inflammation And Cardiovascular Disease1498 Words   |  6 Pagesis a common industrial compound that is used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics (Diamanti-Kandarakis et al., 2012) †It’s well known that BPA is a endocrine disruptor and is detectable in both tissue and fluid, further studies have concluded that a proportional association exists between BPA a nd metabolic, reproductive, and endocrine disruption as expressed in women with PCOS (Diamanti-Kandarakis et al., 2012)† Place As part of the disease description place is considered where the diseaseRead MoreMicrobiological Impacts And Impact Of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals919 Words   |  4 PagesEndocrine disrupting chemicals also known as (EDCs) are hormonal chemicals, known for their alteration or blockage of organism’s hormones. (Trachsel, 2008) Hence, these chemicals are defined as xenobiotics, which refers to foreign bodies or agents to an organism system. (Trachsel, 2008) These EDCs found in aquatic environment have a variety of harm effects on animals, humans and or the ecosystem in general, that can differ the hemostasis due to the elimination of natural occurring hormones in animalsRead MoreThe Endocrine System And Its Normal Physiology2036 Words   |  9 PagesThe endocrine system is a biological system of complex organisms that involves sending chemical signals from one gland to another part of the body through blood. The endocrine system involves the use of several chemicals produced in the body at different parts sent to other parts of the body to trigger function of that that organ. It is a well synchronized circus of chemicals in the body to communicate the needs from one organ to the another for the efficient functioning and reproduction of the organismRead MoreEffects Of Hormones And Antibiotics On Animals And Humans1939 Words   |  8 Pagesincluding breast cancer and heart disease. The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and hormones that regulates the majority of the body s functions, including growth, development and maturation, as well as the way several of the glands functions. An endocrine disruptor is a synthetic chemical that when it is absorbed into the body it either mimics or blocks hormones and disrupts how the body normally functions. The endocrine disruptor is blocked by many kinds of chemicals, particularly

I Am A Tourist Guide At St. Michael s Cathedral - 886 Words

With Love and Squalor Amelia He When I boarded the afternoon flight for Vancouver, my total outfit consisted of a small carry-on bag, a North Face rain jacket, and a black leather snap purse containing my ticket, passport, wallet, and a folded paper with my residential address on West Mall Street. It was early September. I was at the ripe age of seventeen, bright, timid, and full of the foolish illusions of youth. A gush of tears at my mother’s farewell wave, a touch in the throat when the plane engine clacked, a pathetic sigh as the familiar cosmopolitan environs passed in view. The threads which bound me so tightly to home were irreversibly broken. While stranded mid-air, I reached to the stale tourist catalogue packed in the back seat pocket. The cover page was a glossy picture of St. Michael s Cathedral. And I recall a very strange, inexplicable incident. I had been volunteering as a tourist guide at St. Michael s Cathedral all day long. Towards sunset, just before it got dark, I left my shift and sat on the steps of Banh Mi Boys Sandwich Shop unwrapping a sandwich. The April sun bathed the clear frosty weather. All the skyscrapers sparkled and glittered in the brilliant light -- a stark contrast from the gloomy hue emitted by the panhandler next to me on the steps. The young man fidgeted and jittered in the chill, with his dwarfish figure, his bent back, his face with the stamp of forty years upon it, his jacket torn at the seams, his head, balding but for locksShow MoreRelatedThesis in Filipino18532 Words   |  75 PagesBermase, Arvin T. Celestino, Christine Joi S.M. Doria, Ma. Princess E. Gapuz, Shekinah T. Nalupa, Hannah Kattrina T. Santos, Jamil Joseph N. Torrijos, Antonio Jose D. Tubadeza, Kathryn Mae P. 3 JRN 2 2010-2011 Sa Patnubay ni: Gng. Milagros Aquino I. ANG SULIRANIN AT SANLIGAN NITO Introduksyon Noong ika-23 ng Agosto sa taong 2010 naganap ang isa sa mga trahedya na maaaring magdulot ng pagsama ng relasyon sa pagitan ng Tsina at Pilipinas, at ito ay ang madugong kapalaran na sinapit ng walong turistangRead MoreSummer Olymoics23416 Words   |  94 PagesNations participating | 204 | Athletes participating | 10,820 | Events | 302 in 26 sports | Opening ceremony | 27 July | Closing ceremony | 12 August | Officially opened by | Queen Elizabeth II | Athlete s Oath | Sarah Stevenson | Judge s Oath | Mik Basi | Coach s Oath | Eric Farrell | Olympic Torch | * Callum Airlie * Jordan Duckitt * Desiree Henry * Katie Kirk * Cameron MacRitchie * Aidan Reynolds * Adelle Tracey * Austin Playfoot (relight)[1] | Stadium |Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 597 CASE STUDIES ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 598 ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLandscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity

Infection caused by bacteria Free Essays

Infection are spread through different means : Stool Contact with blood Sneezing and coughing Airborne disease Contaminated objects Direct physical contact The methods to reduce the spread of infection Make sure that everyone clean their hand before and after having the meal, visiting the toilet and changing nappies with soap and water Make sure that all the toys and quipment used for child are safe and clean Throw away food that has gone bad Keep the surrounding clean Keep the kitchen neat and tidy Standard methods of washing hands : hand washing is the best way to prevent germs from spreading and to keep ourselves from getting sick . Good hand washing is the first line of defense against the spread of many illnesses, from the common cold to more serious illnesses such as meningitis, , influenza, hepatitis A, and most types of infectious diarrhoea. Some infections are caught when other people’s dirty hands touch the food we eat. We will write a custom essay sample on Infection caused by bacteria or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hands and wrists should be washed with clean soap and water, using a brush if your fingernails are dirty. We should Dry our hands with something clean, such as paper towels or hot air dryers Identify when personal protective equipment should be used : Personal protective equipment (PPE) is special gear which is use to protect the wearer from specific hazards of a hazardous substance. PPE includes gloves, respiratory protection, eye protection, and protective clothing. Gloves should be worn whenever the possibility of skin contact with hazardous chemicals exists. When the possibility of chemical contamination exists, protective clothing, which resists physical and chemical hazards, should be worn. gloves should be changed whenever they become contaminated with the chemical. Make sure to check for pinholes before use, wash or decontaminate gloves before removing, and wash hands after removing. How to cite Infection caused by bacteria, Papers

Distribution Of Products To The Customers †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Distribution Of Products To The Customers? Answer: Introducation A retail store is a small business store which can handle a small volume of goods. This kind of store is rapidly growing everywhere. Since the retail stores are situated in most places, they are known to attract many customers and could be considered the backbone of the business economy (Loudenback Kelley, 2013). The retail store usually deals with purchase and distribution of products to the customers. Business analysts believe that internet options will enable retail businesses to reach many customers. This is possible with online operations where customers can access the stores online and do their purchases in the same manner. The future of retail stores is therefore seen to be inclining towards online operations (Jain Jain, 2012). It is estimated that in few years to come, online selling and buying will become a normal activity that would be practiced by many people. The operation of an online store is simple, safe, safe and affordable because one does not need a complicated ph ysical store that would be visited by the customers. However, the main challenge is transporting the product to the physical location of the customer. Benefits of operating an online store It is believed that this kind of digitizing business provides competitive and convenience pricing of goods. Online shopping also provides a chance to interact socially with other sellers and buyers online. In this way, many people come together through a platform that brings a huge number of people together. Although the capacity of retail shops is minimal, online shopping would publish their existence to the whole world (Jenster Hover, 2014). It also provides the opportunity to conduct online marketing which is somehow less expensive as compared to the other form of marketing that requires the physical appearance of marketers. It is considered a less expensive form of marketing that only requires one to engage the customers online. A study by researchers indicates that the future of retail shops is rapidly changing because of the existence of smart phones in the market. People can easily order for goods at their convenience by a click of a button, similarly, one can view varieties of products available in the shops away from the physical location of that shop. Therefore, the availability of devices like smartphones and computers has made it easy to carry out marketing of products (Hopkins, 2013). Recommendations It is important to advise the retailers that having their businesses done online is much better and effective than physical visits to the shops by the customers. In future, production, purchase, and distribution of products would be done online. The retail stores should, however, put their online business in order to ensure that their customers can access easily their products, view them, and do a comparison of prices before they decide whether to purchase or not. The future of businesses is expected to be well orchestrated by the advances in technology. This is seen in the manner many people are currently buying from online stores around the world. These stores can be accessed through applications that use the internet, but they have to deliver the products in a specified period. References Hopkins, D. (2013). New emphases in online business stores. Entrepreneurship studies, 6(6), 410-419. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0019-8501(77)90003-7 Jain, S., Jain, S. (2012). Retail enterprises. South Melbourne, Victoria: Cengage Learning Australia. Jenster, P., Hover, D. (2014). How to focus idea on online business to serve strategy. Planning Review, 20(4), 32-36. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb054365 Loudenback, L., Kelley, E. (2013). Online Business idea development. Journal Of Entrepreneurship, 36(4), 113. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1250442

Home Remedies to Shrink Enlarged Adenoids and Tonsils free essay sample

Swollen or infected tonsils or adenoids are a common complaint in children. Toddlers and children who develop swollen adenoids or enlarged tonsils suffer from symptoms such as congestion of the nasal passages, sore throats, difficulty swallowing, breathlessness, headaches, earaches, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Natural Treatment: Traditional medical treatments for enlarged adenoids and tonsils may prove too strong for toddlers and children. In such cases, natural remedies to reduce the swelling and alleviate symptoms are preferable. However, before beginning any new treatment or alternative therapy, always consult with your doctor or paediatrician. Certain herbs and home remedies may counteract with medications and cause other side effects and complications. Popular home remedies for enlarged tonsils and adenoids are as follows: * Gargle with warm salt water to reduce the swelling and pain caused by enlarged adenoids and tonsils * Mix honey and lime juice in a glass of warm water and make the child sip on this soothing drink to treat a sore throat and reduce nasal congestion * Blend fresh cucumbers, carrots, and beets into a healthy juice. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Remedies to Shrink Enlarged Adenoids and Tonsils or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To this add some lime juice and give this to your child to drink at least once a day. The antioxidants in the vegetables help boost immunity and prevent infections * Add a pinch of turmeric powder and black pepper powder to a glass of warm milk. Drink this concoction just before bed as it helps relieve congestion and reduces pain and swelling * Honey can be used to shrink adenoids very effectively. Honey has strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce enlarged adenoids and treat symptoms such as pain and soreness. Simply add a few drops of lemon juice and a pinch of pepper powder to a teaspoon of honey. Give this mixture to your child at least twice a day in order to experience positive results. * Shrink tonsils with the help of herbs such as sage and Echinacea that help fight off any infection and reduce swelling. You can make your toddler gargle with a mix of sage and warm water to reduce inflammation. Echinacea can be taken as a tea or in a capsule form. Echinacea helps boost immunity and prevents recurring infections. Wrap some ice cubes in a towel and place this cold compress on the throat. The cold helps reduce any swelling and pain * If your child is old enough, let him do steam inhalations to help relieve congestion in the chest and nasal passages. Smaller children can be kept in a hot steamy bathroom for some time until symptoms reduce. * Mix one teaspoon of fresh ginger juice with a teaspoon of honey and two teaspoons of warm water. Make you child gargle with this mixture for instant relief from pain and swelling. Mash fresh figs and mix with honey. Let your child eat this at least once a day to help speed up the healing process. * Some children also react badly to a cold breeze so keep their heads, ears, and throat covered at all times * Stop your child from talking too much to rest the throat and speed up the healing process * Use an air humidifier to moisten the air and soothe your toddler’s sore throat In most cases, adenoids and tonsils will shrink to their normal size after a few days of such natural remedies. Only in cases where the symptoms become more severe or the condition becomes chronic will your doctor recommend more aggressive types of treatments such as antibiotics or surgery. Diet: Changes to your toddler’s diet can also help reduce the inflammation and speed up the recovery process: * Your toddler should drink at least eight glasses of water a day to keep hydrated. Apart from water, he can drink clear soups, warm broths, herbal teas and fresh fruit and vegetable juices. Avoid drinks that are too acidic such as citrus juices and buttermilk as these can aggravate symptoms * Avoid all junk food and foods that are oily, fried and spicy. * Since swallowing may be difficult, have him eat foods that are soft and creamy in consistency. Boiled vegetables, mashed potatoes, cooked oatmeal, scrambled eggs and baked fruits are all excellent options. * Avoid foods and snacks that are hard and crunchy such as chips, hard breads, and nuts as these can increase the inflammation.

Interesting Facts About the Olympics

Interesting Facts About the Olympics Have you ever wondered about the origins and history of some of our proud Olympic traditions? Below youll find answers to a lot of these inquiries. The Official Olympic Flag Created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1914, the Olympic flag contains five interconnected rings on a white background. The five rings symbolize the five significant continents and are interconnected to symbolize the friendship to be gained from these international competitions. The rings, from left to right, are blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The colors were chosen because at least one of them appeared on the flag of every country in the world. The Olympic flag was first flown during the 1920 Olympic Games. The Olympic Motto In 1921, Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games, borrowed a Latin phrase from his friend, Father Henri Didon, for the Olympic motto: Citius, Altius, Fortius (Swifter, Higher, Stronger). The Olympic Oath Pierre de Coubertin wrote an oath for the athletes to recite at each Olympic Games. During the opening ceremonies, one athlete recites the oath on behalf of all the athletes. The Olympic oath was first taken during the 1920 Olympic Games by Belgian fencer Victor Boin. The Olympic Oath states, In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules that govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams. The Olympic Creed Pierre de Coubertin got the idea for this phrase from a speech given by Bishop Ethelbert Talbot at a service for Olympic champions during the 1908 Olympic Games. The Olympic Creed reads: The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well. The Olympic Flame The Olympic flame is a practice continued from the ancient Olympic Games. In Olympia (Greece), a flame was ignited by the sun and then kept burning until the closing of the Olympic Games. The flame first appeared in the modern Olympics at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. The flame itself represents a number of things, including purity and the endeavor for perfection. In 1936, the chairman of the organizing committee for the 1936 Olympic Games, Carl Diem, suggested what is now the modern Olympic Torch Relay. The Olympic flame is lit at the ancient site of Olympia by women wearing ancient-style robes and using a curved mirror and the sun. The Olympic Torch is then passed from runner to runner from the ancient site of Olympia to the Olympic stadium in the hosting city. The flame is then kept alight until the Games have concluded. The Olympic Torch relay represents a continuation from the ancient Olympic Games to the modern Olympics. The Olympic Hymn The Olympic Hymn, played when the Olympic Flag is raised, was composed by Spyros Samaras and the words added by Kostis Palamas. The Olympic Hymn was first played at the 1896 Olympic Games in Athens but wasnt declared the official hymn by the IOC until 1957. Real Gold Medals The last Olympic gold medals that were made entirely out of gold were awarded in 1912. The Medals The Olympic medals  are designed especially for each individual Olympic Games by the host citys organizing committee. Each medal must be at least three millimeters thick and 60 millimeters in diameter. Also, the gold and silver Olympic medals must be made out of 92.5 percent silver, with the gold medal covered in six grams of gold. The First Opening Ceremonies The first opening ceremonies were held during the 1908 Olympic Games in London. Opening Ceremony Procession Order During the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games, the procession of athletes is always led by the Greek team, followed by all the other teams in alphabetical order (in the language of the hosting country), except for the last team which is always the team of the hosting country. A City, Not a Country When choosing locations for the Olympic Games, the IOC specifically gives the honor of holding the Games to a city rather than a country. IOC Diplomats In order to make the IOC an independent organization, the members of the IOC are not considered diplomats from their countries to the IOC, but rather are diplomats from the IOC to their respective countries. First Modern Champion James B. Connolly (United States), winner of the hop, step, and jump (the first final event in the 1896 Olympics), was the first Olympic champion of the modern Olympic Games. The First Marathon In 490 BCE, Pheidippides, a Greek soldier, ran from Marathon to Athens (about 25 miles) to inform the Athenians the outcome of the battle with invading Persians. The distance was filled with hills and other obstacles; thus Pheidippides arrived in Athens exhausted and with bleeding feet. After telling the townspeople of the Greeks success in the battle, Pheidippides fell to the ground dead. In 1896, at the first modern Olympic Games, held a race of approximately the same length in commemoration of Pheidippides. The Exact Length of a MarathonDuring the first several modern Olympics, the marathon was always an approximate distance. In 1908, the British royal family requested that the marathon start at the Windsor Castle so that the royal children could witness its start. The distance from the Windsor Castle to the Olympic Stadium was 42,195 meters (or 26 miles and 385 yards). In 1924, this distance became the standardized length of a marathon. WomenWomen were first allowed to participate in 1900 at the second modern Olympic Games. Winter Games BegunThe winter Olympic Games were first held in 1924, beginning a tradition of holding them a few months earlier and in a different city than the summer Olympic Games. Beginning in 1994, the winter Olympic Games were held in completely different years (two years apart) than the summer Games. Cancelled GamesBecause of World War I and World War II, there were no Olympic Games in 1916, 1940, or 1944. Tennis BannedTennis was played at the Olympics until 1924, then reinstituted in 1988. Walt DisneyIn 1960, the Winter Olympic Games were held in Squaw Valley, California (United States). In order to bedazzle and impress the spectators, Walt Disney was head of the committee that organized the opening day ceremonies. The 1960 Winter Games Opening Ceremony was filled with high school choirs and bands, releasing of thousands of balloons, fireworks, ice statues, releasing of 2,000 white doves, and national flags dropped by parachute. Russia Not PresentThough Russia had sent a few athletes to compete in the 1908 and 1912 Olympic Games, they did not compete again until the 1952 Games. Motor BoatingMotor boating was an official sport at the 1908 Olympics. Polo, an Olympic SportPolo was played at the Olympics in 1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, and 1936. GymnasiumThe word gymnasium comes from the Greek root gymnos meaning nude; the literal meaning of gymnasium is school for naked exercise. Athletes in the ancient Olympic Games would participate in the nude. StadiumThe first recorded ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 BCE with only one event - the stade. The stade was a unit of measurement (about 600 feet) that also became the name of the footrace because it was the distance run. Since the track for the stade (race) was a stade (length), the location of the race became the stadium. Counting OlympiadsAn Olympiad is a period of four successive years. The Olympic Games celebrate each Olympiad. For the modern Olympic Games, the first Olympiad celebration was in 1896. Every four years celebrates another Olympiad; thus, even the Games that were cancelled (1916, 1940, and 1944) count as Olympiads. The 2004 Olympic Games in Athens was called the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad.

Critical Analysis of the Article from both POSITIVE and NEGATIVE Essay - 3

Critical Analysis of the Article from both POSITIVE and NEGATIVE aspects - Essay Example This is where the authors claim to have an alternative paradigm which can attempt to answer this paradox. Based on this assumption, authors therefore have recommended a different and alternative approach of rental/access perspective. The authors therefore claim that based on viewing services from this lens will offer a greater insight into the development of products as services as well as to view the time in more elaborative manner in order to design services and products in complimentary manner. Thus the authors have attempted to challenge the basic ideas formulated to define and discuss the services marketing due to the changes that took place due to internet and other forms of services which require less or no human interaction. Services in such perspectives therefore require a comprehensively different and unique paradigm to understand and define services. What is also the stronger point of this article is the fact that it has attempted to reconcile the ideas that has emerged from both the European scholars as well as the American scholars. The need to have dialogue and reconciliation of ideas therefore can provide a common ground to undertake future research on the topic of services marketing. The conclusion of this article indicates that due to emergence of new and fundamentally different and more fluid business models, it is necessary that the more robust frameworks must be developed in order to accommodate the relative changes that take place. This article however, does not provide the way as to how the different changes that unfold themselves into the future can be captured with the existing frameworks. Till new paradigm emerged and services marketing take an entirely new shape, existing theoretical models must be changed or designed in such a manner that they must undertake to capture these changes. This article also lacks in providing

Applicationof nursing process to delivery cultural competent care to Research Paper

Applicationof nursing process to delivery cultural competent care to Haitian Americans - Research Paper Example The immigrants faced a huge test of survival in the new lands. Most of the Haitians, however, had fled to France. This was because of the French policy of assimilation, which saw most educated Haitians go to France. Over time, the number of Haitians living in the US has increased. According to the 1990 census conducted in the United States, there were more than 290,000 Haitians in the United States (Zephir, 2004). This figure, however, does not include the tens of thousands who live in the US illegally. Being of the black race, and with the historical racial segregation of the US, the Haitians have always faced a huge task of being accepted into the community. Like most other Blacks, they have faced political as well as social discrimination from the whites of the United States. This made survival for the Haitians a very difficult endeavor. Today, however, the Haitian Americans as well as other ethnic groups from the black race are a strong part of the American

U.S. History Civil War-Present Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

U.S. History Civil War-Present - Assignment Example U.S. agreed to these terms only if the governments in Eastern Europe would remain as independent entities and free from Soviet control (Banks, 2000). However, these were not the intentions Soviet Union had as they wanted total control and domination over these States. These disagreements led to the establishment of conflicts that eventually manifested to the bitter rivalry between the Soviets and the United States. Both nations tried to prevent what they believed were the expansion plans of each other (Banks, 2000). The Soviet Union had a communist world perspective while the U.S. had policies that viewed the world in a Capitalist perspective. This is in accordance with the first answer given by Otremi Tal. According to the answer given by Otremi Tal, Soviet Union was anti-democratic people whose system was based on the absence of freedom. The above statement is true as Soviet Unions were after total domination of European states. President Truman and Eisenhower initiated a programme in the federal government to root out potential communist (Banks, 2000). The statement further supports Burke Claire’s and Daniela Florin’s answers. They both established the Truman and the Eisenhower doctrines that aimed at abolishing communism. This direct approach used by the United States only further fuelled the rivalry between the two nations. The post-war period during the 1950s was an era of contrast. After the end of the great depression, Americans welcomed a consumer society, embracing traditional values and institutions. The end of World War II encouraged a consumer society. Since many nations got ravaged by the war, people started venturing into businesses to try and get back Americas economy to its feet (Banks, 2000). Big businesses dominated the global scene, number of jobs and wages increased, and people had financial security that they had not experienced in their life. Such

Design And Build Procurement Route Changes Construction Essay

Design And Build Procurement Route Changes Construction Essay The design and build procurement route changes the traditional sequence of work. It answers the Employers wishes for a single-point of responsibility in an alleged attempt to reduce risks and overall costs. It is now commonly used in many countries and forms of contracts are widely available. Design-Build is sometimes compared to the master builder approach, one of the oldest forms of construction procedure. Comparing design-build to the traditional method of procurement, the authors of Design-Build Contracting Handbook noted that: from a historical perspective the so-called traditional approach is actually a very recent concept, only being in use approximately 150 years. In contrast, the design-build concept also known as the master builder concept as been reported as being in use for over four millennia. (Songer,1996). The disadvantage of the traditional procurement method had been identified in many reports. According to Lathem Report (1994), it stated that the traditional method has the problem of adversarial and inefficient way of doing things and separation of the roles and responsibility of team members. According to the Construction Industry Review Committee Report (2001) stated that a high degree of fragmentation with an adversarial culture and a contractual and confrontational culture would be developed. The alternative procurement method would be sought for solving those problems. Describing Design and Build as a viable alternative method, Songer and Molenaar (1996) concluded that there are a number of advantages associated with Design and Build such as: cost savings, improved constructability, time savings and claim reduction. From the Employers perspective, the single point of responsibility is the most attractive benefit derived from the DB procurement approach (Chan 2000). With the support of case studies and quantitative data, Hale et al. (2009) pointed out the Design and Build is superior to the traditional procurement system hence recommended to use Design and Build approach in both public and private sectors. Levy (2006, p.197) even suggested that the design-build delivery system appears to be a perfect vehicle by which to pursue sustainable or green building construction. According to Chan and Chan (2004), the completion time as it relates to speed of a project depended on the procurement method adopted for the project. They attributed the slow delay observed in one of the projects to be due to the use of the traditional procurement method. However, they recognize the possibility of other factors playing a role that it was noted as the project who has suffered delays; obtained better results in terms of cost compared those obtained through the method of design and build method The increasing the complexity of the project, the Employer would be hesitated to how to reduce the time for design and the time for construction. The Employer was willing to seek for the alternative method to reduce the time of the design stage and the construction time and improve the performance of the projects. There are many alternative procurement methods have been developed in recent years such as Novated Design and Build and Enhanced Design and Build. The traditional procurement method is not the only choice for the Employer. Design and build is now one of the most frequently used procurement routes in construction and it is a radical departure from the traditional design-bid-build method. The use of design and build is on the increase with many Employers perceiving it as providing better value for money and giving rise to less disputes than other procurement methods. As per the surveys of Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors,2004 , new procurement trends can be identified which may be associated with the boom period in construction in the early part of the decade and it clearly shows that the Design and construction has become the single dominant method since the previous survey in 1995, it was the traditional methodUnder a design and build contract the contractor assumes primary responsibility for the design of the development, in addition to its traditional role to supply work and materials. The contractor engages the design consultants, or more usually, has the appointments of the design Consultan ts novated to him. 2.1 THE DEFINITION OF THE DESIGN AND BUILD PROCUREMENT METHOD Design and build is and arrangement in which a building contractor enters into a contract with you to design and construct your new building. It is the simplest approach, as one firm is responsible for producing the building you want rather than this responsibility being divided amongst several firms, as is the case with every other approach. (Sarah Peace and John Bennett, How to use a design build approach for a construction project, CLOB, P2) Masterman(1992) state that the term Design and Build has almost been unanimously interpreted and defined as being an arrangement where one contracting organization takes sole responsibility, normally on a lump sum fixed price basis, for the bespoke design and build of a Employers project. This contains three main elements: the responsibility for design and build, contractors reimbursement is generally by means of a fixed price lump sum and the project is designed and built specifically to meet the Employers needs. According to David Chappell (1997), Design and Build contracts place responsibility for both design and erection in the hands of the contractor one point of responsibility for everything. In this system contractor will carry out two functions: design and construct. In other definition, design and build is an arrangement where one organization design and build to the firm order for the Employer to a single financial transaction. The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB-1983) defines Design and Build as the process where the Employer deals directly with the contractor for the complete building and it is the contractor who is not only responsible for but also coordinates the separate design and build process, including engagement of the design team who are, therefore contractually linked with the contractor and not the Employer. The diagram below shows the contractual relationship in the design and builds procurement method. Client Design Build Contractor In-house designers or external consultants Specialist Contractors Source: Sarah Peace and John Bennett, How to use a design build approach for a construction project, CLOB, P2 In practice, Design and Build procurement is generally structured in one of two ways; The Employers employ a dedicated Design and Build organization with its own in house design team. The Employers engage a general building contractor who employs external design consultant members of the contractors team for the duration of the project. 2.2 STRENGTHS OF DESIGN AND BUILD PROCUREMENT SYSTEM As the Design and Build defined, it is therefore important to reveal the strength or advantages of Design and Build as procurement system. One of the prominent feature of Design and Build is to provide a single point responsibility. This is achieved by allocating all design responsibility and liability to the contractor alone. The owner may have more design options to choose from the respective design builders who enter the tender. Owner will tend to have variation of design ideas together with the expected cost that was proposed based on his requirements. Unlike traditional approach which only appoint a single unit of design team to come out with the design ideas, Design and Build will produce much more different design ideas from the design builder who enter the tender (P. Chan et al.,1997). The owners administrative burdens may be reduced because the procurement of design and build services is consolidated into a single selection process. After award of the Design and Build contract, the owner will not be required to spend time and effort coordinating and arbitrating between separated design and build contracts. While the process does require the owner to provide prudent oversight of the design and build process, this responsibility is considerable less time consuming and exposes the owner to far fewer risks than the traditional approach (P. Chan et al.. 1997; Dennis Turner, 1986). Figure 2.0: (A): Single point responsibility D B Contract ,(B): Fragmented responsibility traditional contract (Source: Bennett and Grice, 1992) In addition to the single point responsibility, cost and completion time is firm in the Design and Build procurement method. This means the Employer knows his total financial commitment in the initial stage of the project, provided he does not introduce any changes throughout the project. The Design and Build entity is responsible for quality, budget, schedule, and performance of the completed facility. With the single point of contact, Employers can concentrate on definition of needs and timely decision-making rather than on coordination between designer and contractor. Besides, the Design and Build entity has total responsibility for the finished product and cannot shift design errors of construction defects to another party. Therefore, it will likely to end up with the expected or higher quality of end product. Unlike Design and Build approach, traditional approach contracts rely on restrictive wording, adversarial audit and inspection requirements and the legal system to attain project quality (Jeffrey L. Beard et al., 2001). Cost has always become the key considerations affecting adoption of Design and Build procurement method. Whilst project time is relatively easy to interpret and potential savings clearly identified, project cost is more ambiguous and therefore difficult to evaluate. A prominent consideration for the Employer, in any procurement form, is that final cost does not exceed the project budget. In this respect, Design and Build certainly presents a better chance of the Employer obtaining his completed building within budget. Jerry Adanison (2001), explained that several financial considerations make Design and Build desirable. Private sector have implement Design and Build for financial reasons. Completing a project quickly can save Owners used to finance projects. On the question of cost, real cost savings can also be made in Design and Build. According to Mastermann (1992), when using this system, the initial an final costs are lower than when using other methods of procurement because of diminished design costs, the integration of the design and build elements and in built build ability of the detailed design. Cost savings may also result in timesaving. The overall effects is reduction in the Employers financing charges, lesser effect of inflation and faster building operation, which, in a commercial context, produces an earlier return on the capital, invested, (Frank 1998). 2.3 FACTORS CONSIDERED IN PROCUREMENT METHOD SELECTION CRITERIA Requirements of the Employer The successful of the procurement method should fulfill the requirements of the employer. The objective of the Employer should be identified. Employer would require the best design for their project and meet his requirement stated in the Employers requirement. Time should be as fast as possible for the construction period. The cost of the building should be as lower as to satisfy his requirement. The Employer would prefer to minimize the contractual risk to avoid the unnecessary trouble. Time As time is money, the duration of construction period of the project is very important. Time at large, the time spending on the planning, construction and development would affect the economic scale of the Employer. The Employer would seek for the shorter construction period to earn for the greatest profit. The time- related cost item such as the cost of site office, human resources would increase as the duration of the construction period become longer. The early release the building, the greater profit for the Employer. Quality The quality of the workmanship and the quality of material is one of the main concerns for the Employer in general. The quality of the building should meet the requirement stated in the specification of the contract. Cost The development cost, the construction cost and the operation cost are the concern of the Employer. They totally affect the profit of the Employers. The construction cost is the cost for the building construction such as material cost, plant cost, labour cost. The operation cost is the running cost for the building such as maintenance cost, management cost. The development cost is the land cost, construction cost and other all expenditure which has paid for the development. Communication One of the major reason for choosing design and build arrangement is to benefit from the good communication that can occur between the design team and the construction team (Gould, 2003). Many of the large design and build companies specialize in particular areas and have developed a smooth flow between the design and build phases of the project. This collaboration allows the project to be easily fast-tracked, cutting down on overall schedule for the project. Direct contact between the Employer and the contractor as provided a Design and Build system lines of communication and enables the contractor to adapt more promptly to the Employers needs. Integration and encouraged inherently within the system (Griffith, 1989). The Employer and contractor will communicate closely during the process of the project. Communication between them will start at the beginning stage of the project. Therefore, in design and build it provides the Employer and contractor an opportunity to interact more often and more directly than traditional contract. In general, this arrangement allows easier incorporation of changes due to scope or foreseen conditions since their coordination occurs within the same contractual entity. The Employer is less heavily involved and sits outside the direct day to day communication between designer and constructor. This keeps owner staffing to a minimum and puts the full responsibility for good communication and problem solving. Risks The Design and Build contract transfer more risks to the contractor than any other construction contract. Among a variety of risks, a contractor usually takes on many speculative risks. Risks that can vary in incidence between the parties as they wish. Speculative risks can be within or out with the control of a contractor (Turner 1990). However, the suitability of a project to the Design and build approach must be carefully undertaken by ensuring that the contractor is able, willing and has relevant experiences to control the risk satisfactorily, otherwise they may pass these back to the Employer (Hogg Morledge, 1995) Figure 2.0: Risk allocation for each type of procurement system (Hogg Morledge, 1995) 2.4 THE FACTOR AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF THE DESIGN AND BUILD 2.4.1 THE PROJECT CHARACTERISTIC Large and complex projects take longer construction durations. It is difficult to use the design and build procurement in such projects. Because it is unfair for the contractor to take risk on the material inflation on the lump sum fixed price contract. Therefore, the size and the complexity of the project should be considered. 2.4.2 THE CONTRACTOR SELECTION According to Sarah Peace and John Bennett, it is very important for the selection of the contactor to process the design and build project. From the figure shown that the design and build project in increasing because of the government is willing to use Design and Build procurement method. As the adopting design and build procurement method by the Government, there is the system for selection of the Contractor as per the Procurement Guide Lines The selecting the Contractor is not only concern the tender price, but also the quality Time, Contractors financial status, potential contractor with good reputation, manpower good record for the previous project as per the pre-qualification marking scheme of National procurement guide lines. Therefore, the contractor who meets the Employers requirement for time and quality at the best price would be selected. 2.4.3 THE EMPLOYERS REQUIREMENT The Employer should fully state their requirement, idea and specification of the workmanship in the Employers requirement. The more detail of the Employers requirement is, the fewer disputes will be occurred in the later stage. The design of the building and the standard of the building is according to the Employers requirement. The Employer should understand what he needs in the building and the idea should be fully explained in the Employers requirement. The proposal responded from the Contractor should be carefully checked by the Employers representative. Once the Employer accepts the proposal from the Contractor, the contract will be formed between them. The design of the building and the construction method will not be changed which stated in the contractors proposal. The changes by the Employer would cause the great amount of the variation. Therefore, the accepted proposal should be fully understand by the Employer which is suitable to his ideas. According to Ashley et al. (1987) identified 4 factors contributing to project success and grouped them into five areas including (1) management, organization and communication; (2) scope and planning; (3) controls; (4) environmental, economic, political and social; and 5) technical. The implications of the Employer should develop a thorough project plan in which the scope of work is clearly defined, and the contractor should understand and commit to the achievement of project objectives. The contractors capability and experience in managing Design and Build project is critical to project success and project team members commitment toward the project goals is also important. Songer and Molenaar (1997) identified 15 characteristics of successful Design and Build. They found that the top five important project characteristics were well-defined scope, shared understanding of scope, owner construction sophistication, adequate owner staffing, and establish budget. Although the Design and Build projects are expected to deliver the project faster and cheaper as compared to the traditional bid and build projects, not all the Design and Build projects can really accomplished it. Many empirical studies have been conducted to examine the impact of various project success factors such as the study of factors for a successful public sector Design and Build projects by Songer and Molenaar (1997), study on architects and builders views on Design and Build procurement method in Hong Kong by Mo and Ng (1997) and many others (Albert P.C. Chan et al., 2001). Accordingly Chan et al., (2001) has developed a series factors contributing to the success of Design and Build projects. These factors are the duties, responsibilities and capabilities of different project participants including end-users, contractor, architect and design consultants in Design and Build projects. CONCLUSION The intention of this chapter is to present an overview of the literature published on the subject of selecting the procurement method from the current construction industry; The objective of the Employer in terms of time, cost, quality and risk would be found out also. And the factor that may determine the successful of the procurement method would be identified. They are the project characteristic, the contractor selection and the employers requirement. In general, it can be summarized that Design and Build provides single point responsibility for the whole design and build. Contractors, who are responsible for the implementation of the project, have power to control all over the projects. This nonetheless does not deter the involvement of the Employer. The Employers need and requirements are always been taken into consideration, which this consequently presents uniqueness of the system. In conclusion, it is essential that whoever really want to procure Design and Build method need a thorough understanding of the types and characteristics of that kind of procurement. Therefore, benefits of Design and Build can be exploited. Many studies also showed that the characteristic of Design and Build that make Design and Build different from other procurement system in offering single point responsibility, fixed time and money, communication, allocation of risks and others. Getting success in Design and Build projects enables an assurance of getting the project completed at the right time and within allocated budget. The Design and Build procurement system has better time performance and cost benefits, which are essentially what the end-users are concerned about. This research can be a key to assessing the performance level of Design and Build projects, and the project participants can learn about the important factors for setting up an effective management system to turn Design and Build projects with excellent performance.

july 1 :: essays research papers

I began to be able to focus my rage. When I finally got back into football, four weeks into the season, it seemed like I had better control of my body. I was able to unleash devastating blows, and had an unyielding power that never seemed to diminish. The over abundance of energy carried over into the track season as well. I participated in two events discus and shot put. Before every throw I would lock my jaw shut, close my eyes, and relive the entire experience of being metaphorically imprisoned. Immediately my heart would go from beats to what was like larger and larger explosions in my chest, my hands would then begin to shake profusely, and adrenaline would fill my entire body. Then I was ready to throw. Nothing is like the ability to focus you rage into power; it makes you believe you are unstoppable. The accumulation of rage from the past two months fueled this power, and I only wish I could have focused my energy years earlier. This incident was really a blessing in disguise . I just do not understand that in order to receive this blessing I had to suffer through so much pain and aguish. After the physical fight I had another fight to endure, the fight for what is right for myself. This time it was a psychological war, and my mind was the battlefield. With my mind being occupied for war, sanity became a rare commodity. The metal wires in my mouth were prison bars to the mind. The two sides, good and evil, had been locked up, caged like an animals, and forced to clash. Insanity, rage, hatred, evil had swayed victory of the first battle. Soon I detested an entire race, a mere thought of them made the blood in my veins burn with a fiery rage and my mind scream with madness. I became someone I never expected or wanted to be. Attempts to fight these feelings were futile. Logic was smothered by insanity. Trust had vanished from my life and became an unnecessary liability that I could no longer grant to any one. My thoughts were raped this way for weeks. I felt evil wrapping its claws around complete domination. Yet, even at evil’s highest peak it could not eclipse g ood’s light. It became clear to me that it was not their race that I hated, but their comradely.

A strategy for lessening US dependence on foreign oil Essay

One of the important problems faced by the United States of America, which is causing serious threat to its economy, is its growing dependence on imported oil. This oil forms more than 97% of the fuels used in America. Majority of Americans believe that this dependence is to be reduced. This is mainly because it is affecting national security by wasting billions of dollars in Persian Gulf. It is causing pollution and contributing a lot to global warming. An important strategy to cut this oil dependence is to switch over to Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicles (Sandalow 8). The technology is quite feasible and at present there are vehicles that run on electric power on the roads of America. Electricity is cheap and is available in surplus in America. So this surplus energy could be effectively utilized by producing vehicles that run on this power. The problems with electric vehicle are that the battery is too heavy and it has to be recharged more than once in a long run. But now there are hybrid vehicles that can automatically switch over to gasoline, when the electric charge is reduced. Lithium and nickel could be used in the manufacture of such engines, which will reduce its weight to a great extent. It requires $5000 to $6000 to convert a vehicle to electric one. Government can provide this amount as tax benefits or subsidy to the users and can encourage them to do so. The cost from the part of the government will be high initially, but when compared to the savings it is going to make by reduction in oil consumption, these initial costs are too less. Such vehicles travel 3 to 4 miles in one KwH. This means that it is same as getting gasoline for 75 cents per gallon. Above all such vehicle causes no pollution at all and will make America, a paradise on earth. It is believed that by 2025 one third of the vehicles in America will be hybrids, that is 45 billion gallons on oil can be replaced. Thus it could be seen that America’s dependence on oil could be reduced very easily by switching over to hybrid electric vehicles. In this way a considerable amount of money could be saved and at the same time the earth could be protected from global warming. Work cited Sandalow, David. â€Å"Ending Oil Dependence :Protecting National Security, the Environment and the Economy† http://abcnews. go. com/images/Politics/PB_Energy_Sandalow. pdf. 2008 (accessed on 29 November 2008)

ACT Test Dates 2017-2018

ACT Test Dates 2017-2018 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At PrepScholar, we are committed to keeping you informed about future test dates. Knowing the registration and test dates well in advance can help you create your study plan and keep you organized so that you can minimize your stress and reach your target score. In this article, I’ll give you the ACT test dates for 2017-2018 and explain the factors to think about when selecting your test date. ACT Test Dates for 2017-2018 These are the official test dates and registration deadlines for 2017-2018, as well as our estimated score release dates. Test Date Deadline Late Deadline Score Release* Sept 9, 2017 Aug 4, 2017 Aug 18, 2017 Sept 10; Oct 3, 2017 Oct 28, 2017 Sept 22, 2017 Oct 6, 2017 Nov 7; Nov 21, 2017 Dec 9, 2017 Nov 3, 2017 Nov 17, 2017 Dec 19; Jan 2, 2018 Feb 10, 2018 Jan 12, 2018 Jan 19, 2018 Feb 2; Mar 6, 2018 Apr 14, 2018 Mar 9, 2018 Mar 23, 2018 Apr 24; May 8, 2018 June 9, 2018 May 4, 2018 May 18, 2018 June 19; July 3, 2018 July 14, 2018 June 15, 2018 June 22, 2018 July 24; Aug 7, 2018 *= Refers to online score release. The first date is when multiple-choice scores come out, and the second one is when complete scores are available. How Accurate Is the Table Above? The dates above have been confirmed by the ACT, and it's highly unlikely that they'll be changed.The score release dates are estimates, but they should be within a week of the projected dates. Keep in mind that there's some variance when multiple-choice scores come out and not everyone receives them at the same time. How to Choose Your Test Date Below are some of the major factors to consider when selecting your ACT test date. #1: What Deadlines Do You Need to Make? Remember to take your ACT before any deadlines. If you apply regular decision, the December test in your senior year will be the last test you can take for most colleges. If you apply early, the last test you can take may be in October or November of your senior year. Also, if you want to obtain any scholarships that consider your ACT score, you’ll need to have your test score before the scholarship deadlines. #2: How Many Times Do You Want to Take the ACT? Most students raise their scores when they retake the ACT; give yourself an opportunity to take the test multiple times. Generally, we suggest first taking the ACT in the fall of your junior year. Then you can retake it in the spring of your junior year and the fall of your senior year if necessary. #3: How Long Do You Plan to Study? When choosing your test date, give yourself ample time to prepare. Figure out how long you’ll need to study and make sure you’ll be able to adequately prepare before you take the test. If you take both the September and October tests without doing any studying in between, your score probably won’t improve much. #4: Do You Have Conflicts With Any Test Dates? Check to see if you have any potential conflicts on or around any of the ACT test dates. Perhaps the December date is on the same day as your science fair. Maybe you want to avoid the April test date because you’ll be in the middle of baseball season. Even if it's challenging to find a time when you can fully dedicate yourself to the ACT, you should try to pick the best test dates for you. What's Next? Check out this article for everything you need to know about ACT prep. To help you with your ACT studying, find out the best ACT prep books. Finally, figure out if you should take the ACT with or without Writing. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

How to Decline a Job Offer With Class

How to Decline a Job Offer With Class You’re job searching and you got an offer. Congratulations, that’s great- no matter how you slice it. Downside? You don’t really want that job. Either you’ve been offered something better, or you’re holding out for a more appropriate opportunity to your skill level and experience. Whatever the reason, if you need to decline a job offer with politeness and class- and without burning any bridges- here are five steps to follow for a graceful exit:1. Acknowledge.Don’t just let the offer letter sit in your inbox- or the offer message in your voicemail. Promptly acknowledge your receipt of the offer, making sure to reiterate your gratitude and sincere appreciation for both the offer and their time and consideration, and confirming timetables. When do they need your decision? Or if they haven’t imposed a deadline, suggest that you’ll get back to them with your answer by a certain (in the very near future) date.2. Stay in touch.Keep a l ine of communication open with you and the recruiter or hiring manager during your deliberation. You never know when a company might be open to negotiate to sweeten the deal for you. Not to mention, ignoring a company that’s just made you a job offer is a great way to look seriously unprofessional and childish. Put on your big girl panties and let them know where you are at.3. Dot your ‘i’s.Before you decline offer A (if you’re doing so because you also got offer B), make sure that you’re all finished with the preliminary on-boarding obstacles at job B before declining offer A. And please don’t post on any social media (especially LinkedIn) that you are accepting any offers until you’ve notified all companies you mean to decline and you’re well on your way to bringing in your plants and pictures to the job you are taking.4. Rip the Band-aid.The best approach, once you’ve decided, is to get your decline over with as quickl y and succinctly as possible. With an email or phone call, give a good brief reason, whatever that reason is. Either you’ve decided it’s not the best time to move/leave your current position/transition to a different role, etc. Or you’ve opted to pursue a position that allows you to be better challenged in one particular area of expertise. Or you’ve simply decided to accept an offer from another company- no further explanation needed unless asked. Elaborate only to the extent that it makes sense in the context of your prior conversations with this company. Remember that any intel you provide will help them in their hiring process and give them greater insight into their own process.5. Don’t ghost.Reiterate at this final stage how much you enjoyed meeting the team. You really enjoyed your conversations, yada yada. But why not stay in touch? Just because you declined an offer, provided you did so reasonably and with a certain degree of professionalis m and class, there’s no reason at all to go burning any bridges. Connect on LinkedIn to stay abreast of future employment opportunities. Reference a conference you might be attending together as a point of future contact. If none of this makes sense, simply state that the process was a pleasure and you wish them all the best.

DVD Duplication and Authoring Business Assignment

DVD Duplication and Authoring Business - Assignment Example So obviously I will prefer PC over MAC. Adobe Photoshop can help a lot to create multi-layered menus for the DVD. The Photoshop CS4 Extended version can make your dreams come true. This edition is specially made for film industry professionals for editing and authoring video and multimedia by creating visual effects and motion graphics. Photoshop had been tested for long by field experts. From the application itself one can get online search engine that provides helps on Photoshop. The price for this software is '684.02. For DVD authoring and copying, I will prefer Nero 9. It is among the most popular authoring tool and burner other than the burner provided by an Operating System. Some basic templates for DVD authoring is provided by NERO, which can be modified easily to a new looking template. The price of this software is '49.29. As the burning process needs a space to keep temporary files to be used as buffer, the 1TB memory space would be enough to run large projects like dual layer burning. Now once a project is over and copies of the DVD are made ready for business, it requires keeping the project for future releases. For single layer DVD movie the size of the project is about 4.7 GB and for dual layer it is 8.5 GB. Keeping a 1TB external HDD would keep back up of 210 no's 4.7 DVD and 105 no's of Dual layer Movies. Buying 3 external Hard disk Drives for keeping back up will be sufficient initially for a start up business. Price of 1TB external HDD is '135.99. The external memory comes with 5 years of manufacturer guarantee and is only 3.5"square in size. It connects to a computer via universal serial bus. To copy content of an existing DVD, Sony DRU-700, a dual layer dvd writer will be fit finely into he pocket of a new company. Priced at '155.42 the writer can write on DVD+R DL at 2.4X speed and DVD+R at 8X speed. It can create multi session disk and supports various file formats to be written on a DVD. This device can read DVDR and DVDRW at 8X speed and DVDROM at 12X speed. The writer gives various types of writing options such as disc-at-once, incremental recording, multi border recording and restricted over writing. For printing on DVDs, HP D7560 Color Inkjet Printer Q8441A is very useful, priced at ' 219.07, the printer prints on a DVD using thermal inkjet technology. It is wise to use JVC DVD Player/ VHS Recorder (HRXVC11B) to produce VHS from a already

Brief Review of Literature Discussing Theories Essay

Brief Review of Literature Discussing Theories - Essay Example Equally, Bronfenbrenner, Pavlov, Skinner, Watson, Vygotsky in the midst of others, are among the distinguished theorists who have addressed the issue. This paper will review literature discussing theories and theorists concerned with the cause and response to problematic behaviour in children. Causes of problematic behaviour in children The development of children behaviours, whether good or problematic, starts at an early age. These behaviours may persist, if no intervention measures are put in place. In addition, the magnitude of the problem develops with age, as children who demonstrate problematic behaviours during their earlier years are likely to show more problems later in life (Papatheodorou, 2005 pp. 4). These behaviours start at birth, when they are controlled by external factors. Bowlby’s attachment theory asserts that infants begin to develop psychological attachment to the first people they relate with, and use the knowledge they acquire to shape their behaviours. The infant-parent relationship is thus very useful in influencing the environment that shapes the behaviour of the children (Wallach & Caulfield, 1998 pp. 125). According to Dowling (2009 pp. 11), developing the confidence of children at a tender age plays a major role in shaping their behaviours. She affirms that, confidence is a driver in supporting the growth at a tender age. It is apparent that children gain confidence from the relationship they develop with their parents. Such activities as allowing children to play may increase their self-confidence, which plays a role in shaping their behaviours (Dowling, 2009 pp. 11). John Bowlby (Arnold, 2010 pp. 21) in his study of the attachment theory affirmed that the earliest bond between children and their caregivers has a lasting effect in their lives. These affects are demonstrated in their behaviours, which may be problematic or calm. Children who do not have strong attachments with their parents or caregivers usually develop oppo sitional-defiant, conduct disorder and in extreme cases post-traumatic depression. This makes the children aggressive, upset most of the time and having a feeling of insecurity (Arnold, 2010 pp. 23). Piaget’s theory about children development cements the attachment theory. According to Piaget, children have the ability to construct their own knowledge based on the experiences they go through. In addition, he affirms that accommodation and assimilation play a role in shaping the behaviours of children. As a result, children who are rejected at a tender age may learn bad traits, which are reflected in their behaviours (Bronfenbrenner, 1979 pp. 10). Domestic violence in the families also plays a major role in shaping the behaviours of children. This incidence entails any form of threatening behaviour or violence, physical, psychological, financial or sexual between two adults who have been living together. Such incidences are devastating to the lives of a child who may not be aw are of what is going on. What children see, hear or experience during the violence makes them change their perception as well as behaviours. Children who for example hear their parent scream in anger or plead in fear, will develop aggression and hatred towards a certain group of people. As a result, the hatred is reflected in their behaviours (Sterne, Poole, Chadwick, & Lawler, 2010 pp. 4). On a larger perspective, the society in which children are brought up

Rehabilitation and re-entry back into society Research Paper

Rehabilitation and re-entry back into society - Research Paper Example n and presentation of evidence as well as issues related to correctional institutions, incarceration and release of those accused of crime and those convicted. It will also discuss social and criminal justice theories focusing on the United States constitution. Socioeconomic diversity in the contemporary criminal and social justice systems will be highlighted, and finally the essay will assess the centralization of criminal justice agencies domestically in the United States Homeland Security Act and the international aspects of criminal and social justice. Criminal justice is a government institution system that practices social control and sanctifies individuals who violate laws through mitigating and deterring them. The system consist of three main parts which are; the courts or adjudication, legislative that creates laws and mitigate corrections, and the legislative is responsible for jails, probations and prisons among others (Kraska, 2001). On the other hand, social justice can be defined as creating a society that is guided by equality and solidarity with leaders who understand human rights and have in mind the dignity of every person. The two systems work collaboratively in that, as soon as offenders are proved to be guilty of offenses, which have to be verified by the social justice system, the criminal justice system come in to implement and judge fairly without biases (Kraska, 2001). For justice to be said to be done, the offender’s act and crime victim must be balanced. Most criminal justice systems focus on reducing crime by showing justice and raising public confidence that their system will be fair to the offenders. One of the widely used scene investigation technique is taking scene photographs. Crime scene photographers are, therefore, very crucial at the scene of a crime because they document the details of the potential physical evidence discovered at the crime scene. These photos, which are presented as evidence, assist the crime scene

Nasty and unsightly Essay Example for Free

Nasty and unsightly Essay This segregation can be deeply felt by the reader and is very emotive. During the last extract there are a number of reasons why the audience would feel sorry for the monster. The eloquent and expressive nature of the language he uses show the reader that inside he is a beautiful being. I shall no longer see the sun or stars, or feel the winds play on my cheeks. The things that he will most miss are the sun and stars. These natural things are what he finds most enjoyable. The metaphor of the wind playing on his cheeks gives the reader a sense of his intelligent language but also his gentleness. Unlike Frankenstein the monster also blames himself for what has happened. But it is true that I am a wretch This sentence shows that the monster has acknowledged what he has done but also creates empathy with the audience, the word shows that he doesnt think much of himself. A wretch is often something very nasty and unsightly. How do you think Shelley feels about him? scientists were unconcerned by the potential consequences of their work Shelleys opinions on different matters are clear throughout the novel. The way that scientists were trying to push boundaries is explored. Shelleys view is obvious. She believes that scientists were unconcerned by the potential consequences of their work. Nothing must be able to go ahead without the full knowledge that it is safe. I believe that she uses the monster as a metaphor for this. Frankenstein had not taken enough time to way up the consequences of what might happen and the monster was born. Prejudice is a strong theme right through the novel. Shelley uses the monster to portray her thoughts about prejudice. She uses two extremes. She creates the monsters appearance to be revolting whilst his personality is smart, imaginative and elegant. During the story the only people who get to talk and interact with the monster are the blind people and Walton. These are also the only people he gets speak to in depth. This shows that once people can interact with him and get passed the way he looks it doesnt matter. The blind people speak to him because they cannot see what he looks like. Walton, even though he originally sets out to kill the monster begins to feel sympathy for the monster. Shelley obviously believes that people are too narrow-minded to look further into someone before judging them. Another major theme of the story is that of parent/child relationships. Shelley uses Frankenstein as the parent figure to the monster to explore the act of neglect upon a child. Marys mother died shortly after she was born. Once the monster is born Frankensteins vision of an amazing super-being vanishes and he sees the ugliness of what he has created. This may be a belief of Shelley. How mothers have a great vision of their baby and nurturing it and bringing it up but when the baby is actually born the mother is hit by the realisation of bringing up a child. The mother then chooses to neglect the child. Shelley then looks at what affect neglect can have on the child. The evil which engulfs the monster is directed at Frankenstein as a result of his neglect. I believe that Shelley sympathises with Frankenstein but more with the monster. I believe that Shelley relates to the monster as she felt neglected by her mother, although she died. I believe that she structures the book in a way that portrays this. She gives the reader the most of the book to sympathise with Frankenstein and only allows a smaller part in which the reader can gain sympathy for the monster. However she believes that the monsters grief is far worse than Frankensteins so that even less amount of time novel the reader still feels a greater amount of sympathy for the monster. I too feel compassion toward monster. I believe that someones abuse on the grounds of their appearance is wrong. Everybody should be allowed to express themselves to others and be given the chance to be understood. I also believe that most sympathy falls to Frankenstein because it was not his fault, Frankenstein created him and also neglected him. In my opinion although the monster carried out the murders the reason he did was Frankenstein. Not only did he create him without thinking of the possible consequences he also abandoned him and this caused the monster to become evil as a result of his torment. This can be linked back to the philosophy that people were born good. The monsters experience of society has moulded him into something which causes great havoc but truly, inside, he is good. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

The economic problems faced by Bangladesh

The economic problems faced by Bangladesh INTRODUCTION First of all, I would like to thank my lecturer Ms Oh whom guides me to do the assignment. I had done two questions from this assignment. First question is about slow economic growth and second question is private sector. From this assignment I will what the current economic growth in Bangladesh and what is private sector plus the elements. However, this demographic is fast changing and Bangladesh is seeing the growth of huge metropolises. Furthermore, private sectors consist of various type of business corporate such private limited companies, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, conglomerates and so on. Some businesses, especially extraction and manufacturing but also others, have a significant impact on the environment. You are required to identify a country which you think is experiencing slow Economic Growth. What are the economic problems of the particular country facing? Bangladesh is officially known as The Peoples Republic Of Bangladesh which is shown in the (appendix 1). It is a rural nation state with most people living outside of the urban areas. Dhaka, the capital, is one of the largest cities in the world; with a population over 10 million. The unit of currency used by the country is the Taka (BDT). Their foremost industries are jute, sugar, paper, textiles, fertilizers, cigarette, cement, steel, natural gas, oil-refinery, newsprint, power generation, rayon, matches, fishing and food processing, leather, soap, carpet, timber, ship-building, telephone, and so on. Agriculture generates about one third of GDP, provides work of over 60% of the labor force and accounts for about half the value of export earnings. The services segment accounts for about 52% of value added, agriculture 31% and Industry 17%. Bangladesh import more than it exports. Aid and remittances from external works finance the external deficit. Exports of garments have enlarged s ignificantly in recent years, but import growth has sustained unabated. Bangladesh has rare proven mineral resources, except deposit of enormous natural gas (Wiziq, 2009) . 2.0 SLOW ECONOMIC GROWTH OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is one of the unfortunate countries of the world with a per capita income of US $ 300. Bangladeshs economy has grown by over 4.5 per year in factual terms since the middle of 1970s. With residents growth of around 2% annually per capital incomes has risen by 2.5% per year. Also employment has been not capable to keep up with increase in the labor force. Poverty continuous to be widespread, with extra than 50% of the population estimated to be living below the poverty line. Its people have a life expectation of 58 years. Mortality rate of the children under 5 in Bangladesh is one of the premiers in the world. About 60 percent of the children experience moderate to severe malnutrition and the societies in general suffer from endemic health problems. Approximately 53 percent of the population is illiterate. The major economic problems which faced by the Bangladesh are inflation, price stability, stability of democratic institution, level of socioeconomic development, low unem ployment of resources, economic performance and so on. There is an economic indicator in (Appendix 2) 2.1 TROUBLE FACING BY BANGLADESH Inflation Higher price of products in international market happens from previous two or three years. The following are the explanations for higher price of products as well as decreasing the purchasing power of general people. Destructive activities of dishonest syndicates of the period of union (BNP-Jamat) government. Other than that, the investors are not financing in the country and showing signal that production will decrease in near future. For this reason, businessmen are not selling their products, storing products and creating scarcity of products to earn more money. For example, Production of rice is not as much as their expectation. Furthermore, Businessmen are not interested to import rice from abroad by investing a huge amount of money for the luck of confidence on caretaker government. Foundations are following the primitive institutional structure because care taker government has not taken any positive initiative to restructure institutional structures. Price of products has enl arged for the hindrance of supply. So, people are facing the problem of inflation. Currency and Price Stability The government has endeavored to control inflation. Since the 1990s the average inflation rate has been about 5.6%, remarkably low related to the second half of the 1980s, when the rate was about 8%. Inflation averaged 7.2% in fiscal year 2007, primarily due to rises in both food and nonfood prices. Among the main sources were domestic demand pressures, fed by higher incomes and strong monetary and credit evolution. However, after June of the same year, escalating international commodity prices, especially for food, were dominant, driving inflation to 11.4% (year on year) in January 2008. Near the end of fiscal year 2008 food prices diluted, thus allowing point-to-point inflation to drop to 7.5% percent in May. The exchange rate remained stable, but progression in monetary aggregates has started to increase. Available reports show that money growth fell in mid-fiscal year 2008, but subsequently picked up again, with broad and replacement money growth exceeding 17% in May 2008. The government has developed a culture of stability that is intensely supported by the international donor community. But because of the volatility of the political process, there are hardly any institutional safeguards that would strengthen a free culture of stability. Stability of Democratic Institutions In principle, democratic institutions perform their functions. But the absence of a governmental culture of tolerance and compromise has prevented the proper functioning of democratic institutions. A key essential impediment to the institutionalization of democracy is the concentration of power, whether in the hands of one or two party leaders, in the case of parties, or one or two offices such as the prime ministers office for the state apparatus. In addition, political interference, patronage networks and widespread exploitation have weakened the foundations of these institutions. The major political parties and civic associations accept democratic establishments as the legitimate political order. The main potential veto players are radical Islamist groups and parties that want to replace the democratic system with an Islamic state. The army, as an institution, has accepted the management of elected governments thus far, although it wants to further its corporate interests and view s itself as guardian of the state. A latent tension between the civil political societies and the military exists. This cause instability of democratic institution. (Infoplease, 2009) Level of Socioeconomic Development In the face of an uninterrupted period of high growth in recent years, socioeconomic development has not been an unambiguous boon for the majority of the residents. According to the most recent figures, 40.0% of the population lives under the poverty line. UNDP figures indicate that 41.3% of the population lives on less than $1 a day, with 84.0% living on less than $2 a day. Female economic doings accounts for 52.7% of the economy, but females earn less than half the income of their male counterparts. Rural areas still lack basic health care conveniences and educational institutions. Thirty percent of the total population is still regarded as undernourished. Only 39% of the population had sustainable access to improved sanitation in 2004. Minorities and women are disproportionately affected by structural underdevelopment. Low Unemployment of Resources On the employment side, the overall employment intensity of economic growth, as well as the employment elasticity with respect to GDP growth, is reported to be low and diminishing. With an employment elasticity of 0.495 (during 1990s), and employment growth of 4.4 percent (same as labor force growth), not counting current unemployment and under employment, the country would require a GDP growth of 8.89 percent per year. The lower the elasticity from the observed ones, the higher would have to be the growth rate to absorb the surf. On the other hand, the transformation of the employment configuration has been from agriculture in the direction of the services sectors rather than towards the manufacturing sector. Whatever employment has taken place is mostly in the informal sector; leading to non- formalization of the economy plus labor. It indicates the magnitude of employment tasks that Bangladesh is faced with low employment of resources. (Thedailystar, 2008) Economic Performance Bangladeshs economic performance in fiscal year 2008 showed considerable resilience, although global economic challenges and domestic natural disasters. Two devastating floods and a cyclone, as well as a tidal wave, hit the country in the first half of fiscal year 2008. The combined loss was expected at $2.8 billion, or about 4% of GDP. Yet the countrys economy maintained a performance consistent with earlier years. In the years under review, the momentum for growth sustained and international reserves increased despite severe import pressures. Overall GDP growth rates were high. The GDP growth rate was 6.5% in 2007 2008. Rising inflation, high levels of underemployment, and budget and trade deficits continued the main concerns for the economy. Strong growth in overseas workers remittances has delivered a cushion to the external balance. The economic growth and inspiring gains in several social indicators over the past decade point to Bangladeshs enormous potential. These achievements have been made despite poor governance, an adverse domestic political environment, deficiency of infrastructure and repeated natural calamities. However, these accomplishments cannot be sustained for lengthy if the political leadership fails to address deep-seated problems. There is four issues warrant attention and action. First, a qualitative change in the political culture is required. The acrimonious politics, with utter disregard for national interests, has cost the nation dearly in recent decades. It is evident from the past two years (2007 and 2008) that reforms in major associations, including political parties, can facilitate this transformation. Constant efforts with clear objectives and well-devised strategies can bear results. This effort must be initiated from within, but external support is imperative for its success. Seco ndly, political violence as well as militancy must be addressed comprehensively. The sources of extremism need to be identified and addressed, a task as important in place of confrontation of the militants. Question 2 Explain the various types of business organizations existing in the private sector. A business is an organization designed to afford goods, services, or both to consumers. They are the units that perform most of the economic movement in our economy. Most businesses happen to generate a profit. There are some businesses that exist to perform a function other than profit, such as cooperatives and non-profit organizations. The traditional classification of a business is an entity that brings together time, effort and capital in order to produce a profit. Businesses can either be privately owned or publicly owned by the government. Government usually standardizes business for a variety of purposes. This will include collecting corporate taxes. Also definite business pose a risk to the public and so must be regulated. If they were left unregulated, they could, while carrying out their functions for profit, do permanent harm to the environment. Others, such as drug companies and pharmaceuticals must be regulated so that safety and health standards can be sustained. Drugs must be monitored so that any that begin to cause thoughtful side effects are quickly taken off the market (Wikipedia, 2009) 3.0 PRIVATE SECTOR Private sector encompasses of various businesses owned and managed by one or more private individuals or organizations. These all range from the small business sector, partnerships, limited companies and public limited companies. Individuals can now get government grants or loans to set-up their own corporate. This inspires growth within the small business sector. Balanced interest and expansion of the Internet, e-commerce and computer technology have also seen the growth of the private sector. At the same time, Unifications of companies in the banking and finance world give the opportunity for the company to offer more products to its customers and still be competitive. Furthermore, private sectors consist of various type of business corporate such private limited companies, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, conglomerates and so on. An example of Malaysians private organization is Tanjong Private Limited Companies. It is an investment holding company of a group of divis ions involved in power generation, gaming, leisure and property investment. The Companys principal operating and reporting sectors comprise power generation and gaming, which includes the numbers forecast totalisator (NFO) and racing totalisator (RTO) businesses. Its straight subsidiaries are Pan Malaysian Pools Sdn Bhd, Daya Mahsuri Sdn Bhd. 3.1 Private Limited Companies Private limited companies are viewed as firms under the law and share several common characteristics with all corporations. However, private corporations are possessed and operated by a small group of people. Because of their structure, private limited corporations operate in a set of limitations not imposed on public corporations. As a corporation, a private limited company is viewed as a distinct legal entity from the individuals who form the corporation. This provides what is known in the law as limited liability, or a shield for the personalities within a company against liability for obligations incurred by the corporation. A private limited company is comprised by a small assembly, often members of a single family that requirements to limit the influence of outsiders on its company. Because private limited companies are run by a minor group, they are usually not subject to takeovers and other challenges faced by public companies. Unlike public corporations, private limited comp anies may not trade their shares on a stock exchange. They are also barred from offering shares for sale to the general public. Stockholders in a private limited company may not compromise their shares for sale without first offering them to other stockholders within the company for purchase. The number of members allowed within a private limited company is limited by regulation, most often to no more than 50 because they are corporations under the law, private limited companies must pay auditors, hold conferences as other corporations do and share profits among all stockholders. They can be expensive to establish because of the regulations involved (Malaysiaco, 2007) 3.2 Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a type of business entity that is owned and run by one individual and in which there is no legal dissimilarity between the owner and the business. The owner receives all profits subject to taxation specific to the business and has unlimited accountability for all losses and debts. Every asset of the business is owned by the property owner and all debts of the business are the proprietors. This means that the owner has no less liability than if they were acting as an individual instead of as a business. It is a sole proprietorship in contrast with partnerships. A sole proprietor may use a profession name or business name other than his or her legal name. In many authorities there are rules to enable the true owner of a business name to be ascertained. For example, In the United States there is generally a obligation to file a doing business as statement with the local authorities while in the United Kingdom the proprietors name must be displayed on business st ationery, in business emails and at business premises, and there are additional requirements (Wikipedia, 2009) 3.3 Partnership A partnership is an arrangement where individuals agree to work together in order to improve their interests. In most situations, a partnership that is formed between one or more businesses in which the sole owners co-labor with others to achieve and share profits or losses. Partnerships occur in many occasions regardless the sectors that an individual involves. A non-profit organization, for example, many partners is being organized to increase the chances of achieving their missions. Partnerships will have widely varying results and can present partners with special challenges. Levels of give-and-take, areas of responsibility, lines of authority, and principal goals of the partnership must all be negotiated. While partnerships stand to increase mutual interests and success, some are considered ethically problematic. When a politician, for example, partners with a formation in an organization to advance the businesss interest in exchange for some benefit, a clash of interest may mak e the partnership challenging from the perspective of the community good. Developed countries often strongly standardize certain partnerships via anti-trust laws, so as to prevent dominant practices and temporary free market competition. Among settled countries, business partnerships are often favored over corporations in taxation policy, since dividend taxes only occur on profits before they are distributed near the partners. However, be contingent on the partnership structure and the rule in which it operates, owners of a partnership may be exposed to greater private liability than they would as shareholders of an organization. (Undp, 2009) 3.4 Corporation A corporation is a legal entity that is shaped under the laws of a State designed to establish the entity as a separate legal entity having its own privileges and accountabilities distinct from those of its members. The structure of a corporation is complex. It is more exclusive to organize this type of business compared to the other two business entities. Corporate control lies with the person who has rights of the most shares of stock. If a single stockholder or a group of stockholders own at least 51% of the stock they can make decisions of the policies that will be offered. Corporations will have an annual meeting of stockholders and regularly scheduled meetings for the board of directors with proceedings kept to document their decisions. The size of the corporation will affect how formally or informally it can operate. Smaller corporations might operate less officially, but still need to keep proper documentation. In those kinds of cases stock ownership is generally where the l iability is limited to lest there was a fraud committed. For example, DiGi is a homegrown brand but is financially backed up by a foreign company, Telenor ASA from Norway, which holds more than 60% of the company portion. DiGi is the first company in Malaysia that introduced GPRS and EDGE technologies into the country. DiGi is famous and well-known for its yellow man icon (Pip, 2008) 3.5 Conglomerates Conglomerates in business, a corporation formed by the procurement by one firm of several others, each of which is engaged in an activity that generally differs from that of the original. The organization of such a corporation may wish to expand its field of operations for a number of reasons: making additional use of existing plant facilities, refining its marketing position with a broader range of products, or decreasing the inherent risk in depending on the request for a single product. There may also be financial advantages to be grown from the reorganization of other companies. As an example, when retail conglomerates convey popular products, like Apple brand computers and iPods, they often select to become authorized resellers. Essentially, they are inflowing into a partnership in which the manufacturer endorses the retail store as an accepted source for purchasing its product. Other than that, Renong Berhad is Malaysias largest diversified establishment with corporations invol ved in a wide range of industries covering financial services, infrastructure, media, hotel and property. It is defined as a Major Shareholder pursuant to Paragraph 1 0.02(f) of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Listing Requirements.(Work, 2008) Business is energetic globalization and business is the primary source of economic growth, employment creation and public returns that pay for national development programs. As significance, more and more business is expected to deliver in new areas and against a wide range of social medians. 4.0 CONCLUSION This assignment consists of two questions. First question is slow economic growth and second is private sector. Furthermore, from first question I had learned National, regional and extra-regional actors are the support of the conflicts. Therefore, the issue cannot be left to a single set of actors, whether national, regional or international, for resolution. Infrastructure improvement, particularly road networks and electricity supply, for moving the country forward both in the short and long term. And from second question, trade is an economic system in which goods and services are exchanged for one another or money, on the basis of their perceived worth. Every business involves some form of investment and a satisfactory number of customers to whom its output can be sold at profit on a consistent basis. In todays borderless world, business resolutions can and do have a greater impact on peoples welfare and the environment, than the decisions of most governments.